GATE Architecture/Planning Book

GATE Architecture/Planning 2016

Question: The parameters for determining Human Development Index are

            P. Education attainment

            Q. Per capita Gross Agricultural Produce

            R. Life Expectancy

            S. Per Capita Gross Domestic Produce

            T. Per Capita State Domestic Produce

           

            (A) P, Q, S                   (B) P, Q, S, T               (C) P, R, S                    (D) R, S, T

Answer: (C) P, R, S

(Earlier it was GDP per capita and now it has been modified as GNI per capita)

Human Development Index is calculated by UNDP (United Nations Development Programmes) All              three parameters are calculated on scale of 0-1.

o    Education attainment: Geometric mean of years of schooling for adults aged 25 years and expected years of schooling for children of school entering age.

o    Life expectancy: The life expectancy at birth component of the HDI is calculated using a minimum value of 20 years and maximum value of 83.57 years.

o    The decent standard of living component is measured by GNI per capita instead of GDP per capita. The HDI uses the logarithm of income, to reflect the diminishing importance of income with increasing GNI.

The scores for the three HDI dimension indices are then aggregated into a composite index using geometric mean.

            

Question:Which of the following is NOT a classical spatial theory of land use planning?

(A) Concentric Zone theory

(B) Multiple Nuclei Theory

(C) Centripetal Theory

(D) Sector Theory

Answer: (C) Centripetal Theory

THEORIES OF URBAN STRUCTURE:  Models to describe the development of cities.

  ZONE THEORY (Earnest Burgess)

§  city grows outward in concentric rings

§  city has a single centre, otherwise known as the CBD (Central Business District)

§  Around the business centre is an area of older industry and beyond that are residential areas

§  it is assumed that the poor cannot afford to commute long distances, and also that they must live in the older and cheaper houses near the centre, so low class residential are near the CBD

§  the wealthy live in a commuter zone outside the city proper

§  best describes the pre-automobile (pre 1920) pattern of North American cities but is still useful today in describing patterns in the older parts of our towns

 SECTOR MODEL (Homer Hoyt)

§  recognizes the existence of land use zones, but suggests that there are sectors or wedges of land uses in the city.

§  due to the emergence of star-shaped transportation routes, such as bus lines and streetcar lines.

§  as such, the industrial would lie in a sector along the rail lines coming into the city centre poorer people live adjacent to industrial near their jobs

§  Rich live on the opposite side of town far from the industry and poor middle income in between

 MULTIPLE NUCLEI MODEL (Chauncy Harris and Edward Ullman)

§  refinement of first two, but incorporates outlying shopping malls, industrial areas and large residential suburbs.

§  developed only with the use of automobiles, mostly since 1945.

§  CBD no longer has a monopoly on retail and commercial activities since outlying malls and industrial parks compete with it.

§  industry also moves to the edge of the city where land is cheaper.

GATE Architecture/Planning 2016

Question: ECBC stands for

            (A) Electrical Conduit in Building Construction

            (B) Energy Conservation Building Code

            (C) Electrical Credit in Building Code

            (D) Energy Credit in Building Construction

            Answer: (B) Energy Conservation Building Code

                The Indian Parliament passed the Energy Conservation Act 2001, in the year 2001. ECBC (Energy               Conservation Building Code) was launched in 2007 by Ministry of Power, Govt. of India. The building code has provisions for:

(a) Building envelopes, except for unconditioned storage spaces or warehouses,

(b) Mechanical systems and equipment, including heating, ventilating, and air conditioning,

(c) Service hot water heating,

(d) Interior and exterior lighting, and

(e) Electrical power and motors.

GATE Architecture 2016

Vastushastra

·         North- (Kuber)- Ruled by lord of wealth (Finance)

·         South- (Yama)- Ruled by lord of death – Yama (Damaging)

·         East- (Indra)- Ruled by the solar deity- Aditya (Seeing the world)

·         West- (Varuna)- Ruled by lord of water (Physical)

·         Northeast (Ishan) – Ruled by Shiva

·         Southeast- (Agni)- Ruled by the fire deity – Agni (Energy Generating)

·         Northwest- (Vayu)- ruled by the god of winds (Advertisement)

·         Southwest- (Pitru/Nairutya) Niruthi- Ruled by ancestors (History)

·         Center- (Brahma)- Ruled by the creator of the universe (Desire)

In accordance with the position occupied by the gods in the mandala, guidelines are given for zoning of site and distribution of rooms in a building. Some of these are:

·         North – treasury

·         Northeast – prayer room

·         East – bathroom

·         Southeast – kitchen

·         South – bedroom

·         Southwest – armoury

·         West – dining room

·         Northwest – cowshed.

GATE ARCHITECTURE 2016

Question: Weep hole is a term used to describe

(A) Perforations in cast iron pipe used for boring

(B) Holes in retaining wall for draining water

(C) Holes in cover plate of floor trap

(D) Holes dug in earth to recharge ground water

Answer is B. (Holes in retaining wall for draining water)

GATE Architecture/Planning 2016

Question: The tendency of an ecosystem to maintain its balance by regulatory mechanisms when disrupted, is     known as

   (A) Homeostasis          (B) Entropy                  (C) Succession                         (D) Evolution

            Answer (A): Homeostasis

o    Homeostasis: The tendency of an ecosystem to maintain its balance by regulatory mechanisms when disrupted.

o    Entropy: Nature tends from order to disorder in isolated systems.

o    Ecological succession: The observed process of change in the species structure of an ecological community over time.

o    Evolution: The change in the inherited characteristics of biological populations over successive generations.

o    Ecotone: Interface of two ecological zones.

GATE Architecture/Planning 2016

Get the book for GATE Arch 2016. on Flipkart / Amazon.in by B K Das.

http://www.flipkart.com/gate-architecture-planning-english/p/itmeakzgzyehzp7g?pid=9789383701773&ref=L%3A-2752979981874805134&srno=p_1&query=gate+architecture&otracker=from-search

http://www.amazon.in/GATE-Architecture-Planning-B-Das/dp/9383701773/ref=sr_1_1?s=books&ie=UTF8&qid=1442551649&sr=1-1&keywords=gate+architecture

GATE Architecture/Planning 2016

 Question: Which of the following parametric conditions will provide the most suitable land for              intensive development of settlement?

            (A)       slope ≈ 4 %; soil ≈ silty loam aggregate; depth of water table ≈ 6 metres;

                        vegetation ≈ moderate

            (B)       slope ≈ 20 %; soil ≈ aggregate sand; depth of water table ≈ 30 metres;

                        vegetation ≈ barren

            (C)       slope ≈ 2 %; soil ≈ clay; depth of water table ≈ 1 metre; vegetation ≈ moderate

            (D)       slope ≈ 10 %; soil ≈ sandy loam; depth of water table ≈ 15 metres;

                        vegetation ≈ dense

            Answer: (A)     slope ≈ 4 %; soil ≈ silty loam aggregate; depth of water table ≈ 6 metres;

                                    vegetation ≈ moderate

GATE Arch/Planning 2016

Question:     Development authorities in India are established under the provision of

(A) Municipal Act

(B) 74th Constitutional Amendment Act

(C) Town and Country Planning Act

(D) Land Acquisition Act

Answer: (C) Town and Country Planning Act

74th Constitutional Amendment Act, 1992 has been enacted to accord constitutional recognition to the Urban Local Bodies as third tier of Government.

Land Acquisition is the process through which the Govt. can acquire the Private land for Public Purpose. Land Acquisition Act of 1894 was replaced by Right to Fair Compensation and Transparency in Land Acquisition, Rehabilitation and Resettlement Act, 2013.

Salient features of this act:

Public Purpose Defined

·         For strategic purposes relating to naval, military, air force, and armed forces of the Union, including central paramilitary forces or any work vital to national security or defence of India or State police, safety of the people; or

·         For infrastructure projects, which includes the following, namely:

§  All activities or items listed in the notification of the Government of India in the Department of Economic excluding private hospitals, private educational institutions and private hotels;

§  Projects involving agro-processing, supply of inputs to agriculture, warehousing, cold storage facilities, marketing infrastructure for agriculture and allied activities such as dairy, fisheries, and meat processing, set up or owned by the appropriate Government or by a farmers' cooperative or by an institution set up under a statute;

§  Project for industrial corridors or mining activities, national investment and manufacturing zones, as designated in the National Manufacturing Policy;

§  Project for water harvesting and water conservation structures, sanitation;

§  Project for Government administered, Government aided educational and research schemes or institutions;

§  Project for sports, heath care, tourism, transportation of space programme;

§  Any infrastructure facility as may be notified in this regard by the Central Government and after tabling of such notification in Parliament;

·         Project for housing, or such income groups, as may be specified from time to time by the appropriate Government;

·         Project for planned development or the improvement of village sites or any site in the urban areas or provision of land for residential purposes for the weaker sections in rural and urban areas;

·         Project for residential purposes to the poor or landless or to persons residing in areas affected by natural calamities, or to persons displaced or affected by reason of the implementation of any scheme undertaken by the Government, any local authority or a corporation owned or controlled by the State.

Protection of Agricultural Land

Act requires that wherever multi crop irrigated land is acquired an equivalent area of culturable wasteland shall be developed by the state for agricultural purposes.

Compensation

At least four times the market value for land acquired in rural areas;

At least two times the market value for land acquired in urban areas

Rehabilitation

Both Economic and Social Rehabilitation 

GATE Architecture/Planning 2016

Question : Capital Town of Gandhi Nagar has been designed by

(A) Norman Foster       (B) B V Doshi              (C) H K Mewada         (D) Le Corbusier

Answer: C (H K Mewada).

o    In 1971 the city of Gandhi Nagar was planned for a population of 1,50,000, by H K Mewada and Prakash M Apte.

o    Norman Foster is planning Abu Dhabi, Zero Carbon + Zero Waste City which is to be completed by 2015. B V Doshi had planned Vidyadhar Nagar, near Jaipur, while Le Corbusier planned Chandigarh.

Other planned cities of India.

                     i.            Auroville- Ar Roger Anger along with Mirra Alfassa, the Spiritual collaborator of Sri Aurobindo.

                    ii.            Bhubaneshwar- Otto Konigsberger (German Architect and planner)

                  iii.            Chandigarh- Le Corbusier

                  iv.            Durgapur- Joseph Allen Stein and Benjamin Polk

                   v.            Gandhi Nagar- H K Mewada and Prakash M Apte

                  vi.            Jaipur- Maharaja Sawai Jai Singh

                vii.            Jamshedpur- FC Temple, Otto Konigsberger, Maple (Master plan prepared by Konigsberger)

               viii.            Kolkata- Job Charnok

                  ix.            New Delhi- Leutyens

                   x.            Vidyadhar Nagar (city close to Jaipur) - B V Doshi.

                  xi.            Navi Mumbai- Charles Correa

GATE Architecture/Planning 2016

Question : Gestalt’s law of Visual Perception Do Not relate to

(A) Aesthetics of form are a function of Golden Section.

(B) Things are perceived as a whole.

(C) Whole is greater than the sum total of its parts.

(D) Elements with continuity are perceived together.

Answer:  A. Aesthetics of form are a function of Golden Section.

The gestalt effect is the form-generating capability of our senses, particularly with respect to the visual recognition of figures and whole forms instead of just a collection of simple lines and curves.

• Law of Proximity- Closer objects are perceived as groups.
• Law of Symmetry- Objects must be balanced or symmetrical to be perceived as a whole.
• Law of Similarity- Similar objects are more likely to be organized together.
• Law of common fate- Objects with common movement, moving in same direction with same pace, at the same time are organized as group.  

GATE Architecture/ Planning 2016

Question: Identify the correct hierarchy of traditional Indian Settlements expressed in an ascending order.

            (A)       Kharvata- Khetaka- Nagara- Durg

            (B)       Durg- Vidambaka- Pura- Rajdhani

            (C)       Grama- Khetaka- Kharvata- Nagara

            (D)       Nigam- Agrahara- Pura- Kharvata

            Answer: (C)     Grama- Khetaka- Kharvata- Nagara

            Hiearchy of ancient settlement.

·         Griha-house

·         Grama-village

·         Palli- settlement of wild tribes

·         kheta- a place fortified by a mud wall or by a river or hill surrounding it, khetaka- hamlet

·         kharvata- market town, a poor town surrounded by a low wall, while according to kautilya-centre of union of 200 villages

·         dronamukha- a town with a harbour like ...centre of union of 400 villages, durg- citadel.

·         pattana,pura- a large town or centre of trade/a mart for precious metals or a mining centre.

·       matamba- open town associated with a cluster of 10,000 villages/fortified place in which produce from the field was deposited for safe custody.

·         nagara- a town exempted from paying any of the 18 taxes levied on a village.

·         rajadhani-capital.

·         nigama-settlement of merchants

·         samvatta-kotta- a fortified place or refuge

Question : Match the features in Group I with their architectural periods in Group II

            

           Group I                                                                Group II

           P. Caryatids                                          1. Roman

          Q. Hypocaust                                         2. Gothic

          R. Pylons                                               3.Greek

          S. Lofty Pinnacles                                  4. Egyptian

                                                                         5.Romanesque

(A) P-1, Q-5, R-4, S-2                          (B) P-5, Q-1, R-3, S-2

(C) P-3, Q-2, R-5, S-4                          (D) P-3, Q-1, R-4, S-2

Answer: (D) P-3, Q-1, R-4, S-2

A caryatid is a sculpted female figure serving as an architectural support taking the place of a column or a pillar supporting an entablature on her head. Some of the earliest known examples were found in the treasuries of Delphi, dating to about the 6th century BC, but their use as supports in the form of women can be traced back even earlier, to ritual basins, ivory mirror handles from Phoenicia, and draped figures from archaic Greece.

A hypocaust (Latin hypocaustum) was an ancient Roman system of underfloor heating, used to heat houses with hot air. Hypocausts were used for heating hot baths (thermae), houses and other buildings, whether public or private. The floor was raised above the ground by pillars, called pilae stacks, with a layer of tiles, then a layer of concrete then another of tiles on top; and spaces were left inside the walls so that hot air and smoke from the furnace would pass through these enclosed areas and out of flues in the roof, thereby heating but not polluting the interior of the room.

Pylon is the Greek term for a monumental gateway of an Egyptian temple. It consists of two tapering towers, each surmounted by a cornice, joined by a less elevated section which enclosed the entrance between them.

Entrance nomenclature:

o    Japanese: torii

o    Chinese: paifang

o    Korean: hongsalmun

o    Egyptian: pylons

o    Buddhist Stupas: torana

o    South Indian temple: gopuram

Pinnacles: Decorative elements above the buttress.

GATE Architecture/ Planning Book

Search GATE Architecture / Planning Book on amazon.in or flipkart.com
MRP Rs 1600/-
24 years solved with explanatory notes.
http://www.amazon.in/s/ref=nb_sb_noss?url=search-alias%3Daps&field-keywords=GATE+Architecturehttp://www.amazon.in/s/ref=nb_sb_noss?url=search-alias%3Daps&field-keywords=GATE+Architecture

GATE Architecture Practice Question.

Question : The ratios represented by the two number series 70:113:183 and 86:140:226 stand respectively for

(A)       the blue and red series of Le Modular

(B)       the vertical and horizontal proportions found in Leonardo da Vinci’s pentagram

(C)       the horizontal and vertical proportions found in Leonardo da Vinci’s pentagram

(D)       the red and blue series of Le Modular

Answer: (D)     the red and blue series of Le Modular

(Ref: page 318, “Architecture: Form, Space and Order”, Francis D. K. Ching, John Wiley and Sons, 3rd edition)

** GATE Architecture/Planning 2016

Question: Match the concepts in Group I with their corresponding authors in Group II

Group I                                                           Group II

P. Proxemics Theory                                        1. Gordon Cullen

Q. Serial Vision                                               2. Edward T. Hall

R. Urban Imageability                                      3. Oscar Newman

S. Defensible Space                                         4. Paul Zucker

5. Kevin Lynch

(A) P-2, Q-1, R-5, S-3                          (B) P-2, Q-1, R-3, S-4

(C) P-4, Q-1, R-5, S-2                          (D) P-3, Q-5, R-2, S-1

Answer (A): P-2, Q-1, R-5, S-3

Proxemic theory: Edward T. Hall, the cultural anthropologist who coined the term in 1963, is a subcategory of the study of nonverbal communication which are listed below.

o    haptics (touch)

o    kinesics (body movement)

o    vocalics (paralanguage)

o    chronemics (structure of time).

·          Kinesthetic factors: This category deals with how closely the participants are to touching, from being completely outside of body-contact distance to being in physical contact, which parts of the body are in contact, and body part positioning.

·          Touching code: This behavioural category concerns how participants are touching one another, such as caressing, holding, feeling, prolonged holding, spot touching, pressing against, accidental brushing, or not touching at all.

·          Visual code: This category denotes the amount of eye contact between participants. Four sub-categories are defined, ranging from eye-to-eye contact to no-eye contact at all.

·          Thermal code : This category denotes the amount of body heat that each participant perceives from another. Four sub-categories are defined: conducted heat detected, radiant heat detected, heat probably detected, and no detection of heat.

·          Olfactory code: This category deals in the kind and degree of odour detected by each participant from the other.

·          Voice loudness: This category deals in the vocal effort used in speech. Seven sub-categories are defined: silent, very soft, soft, normal, normal+, loud, and very loud.

Intimate distance for embracing, touching or whispering:

Close phase – less than 6 inches (15 cm)

Far phase – 6 to 18 inches (15 to 46 cm)

Personal distance for interactions among good friends or family members:

Close phase – 1.5 to 2.5 feet (46 to 76 cm)

Far phase – 2.5 to 4 feet (76 to 120 cm)

Social distance for interactions among acquaintances

Close phase – 4 to 7 feet (1.2 to 2.1 m)

Far phase – 7 to 12 feet (2.1 to 3.7 m)

Public distance used for public speaking

Close phase – 12 to 25 feet (3.7 to 7.6 m)

Far phase – 25 feet (7.6 m) or more.