Question:Which of the following is NOT a classical spatial theory of land use
planning?
(A) Concentric Zone theory
(B) Multiple Nuclei Theory
(C) Centripetal Theory
(D) Sector Theory
Answer: (C) Centripetal Theory
THEORIES OF URBAN STRUCTURE: Models
to describe the development of cities.
ZONE
THEORY (Earnest Burgess)
§
city grows outward in
concentric rings
§
city has a single centre,
otherwise known as the CBD (Central Business District)
§
Around the business centre
is an area of older industry and beyond that are residential areas
§
it is assumed that the poor cannot afford to commute
long distances, and also that they must live in the older and cheaper houses
near the centre, so low class residential are near the CBD
§
the wealthy live in a
commuter zone outside the city proper
§
best describes the
pre-automobile (pre 1920) pattern of North American cities but is still useful
today in describing patterns in the older parts
of our towns
SECTOR MODEL (Homer Hoyt)
§ recognizes the existence of land use zones, but suggests that there are
sectors or wedges of land uses in the city.
§ due to the emergence of star-shaped transportation routes, such as bus
lines and streetcar lines.
§ as such, the industrial would lie in a sector along the rail lines
coming into the city centre poorer people live adjacent to industrial near
their jobs
§
Rich live on the opposite
side of town far from the industry and poor middle income in between
MULTIPLE NUCLEI
MODEL (Chauncy Harris and Edward Ullman)
§
refinement of first two,
but incorporates outlying shopping malls, industrial areas and large
residential suburbs.
§
developed only with the use
of automobiles, mostly since 1945.
§
CBD no longer has a
monopoly on retail and commercial activities since outlying malls and
industrial parks compete with it.
§
industry also moves to the
edge of the city where land is cheaper.
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