** GATE Architecture/Planning 2016

Question: Match the concepts in Group I with their corresponding authors in Group II

Group I                                                           Group II

P. Proxemics Theory                                        1. Gordon Cullen

Q. Serial Vision                                               2. Edward T. Hall

R. Urban Imageability                                      3. Oscar Newman

S. Defensible Space                                         4. Paul Zucker

5. Kevin Lynch

(A) P-2, Q-1, R-5, S-3                          (B) P-2, Q-1, R-3, S-4

(C) P-4, Q-1, R-5, S-2                          (D) P-3, Q-5, R-2, S-1

Answer (A): P-2, Q-1, R-5, S-3

Proxemic theory: Edward T. Hall, the cultural anthropologist who coined the term in 1963, is a subcategory of the study of nonverbal communication which are listed below.

o    haptics (touch)

o    kinesics (body movement)

o    vocalics (paralanguage)

o    chronemics (structure of time).

·          Kinesthetic factors: This category deals with how closely the participants are to touching, from being completely outside of body-contact distance to being in physical contact, which parts of the body are in contact, and body part positioning.

·          Touching code: This behavioural category concerns how participants are touching one another, such as caressing, holding, feeling, prolonged holding, spot touching, pressing against, accidental brushing, or not touching at all.

·          Visual code: This category denotes the amount of eye contact between participants. Four sub-categories are defined, ranging from eye-to-eye contact to no-eye contact at all.

·          Thermal code : This category denotes the amount of body heat that each participant perceives from another. Four sub-categories are defined: conducted heat detected, radiant heat detected, heat probably detected, and no detection of heat.

·          Olfactory code: This category deals in the kind and degree of odour detected by each participant from the other.

·          Voice loudness: This category deals in the vocal effort used in speech. Seven sub-categories are defined: silent, very soft, soft, normal, normal+, loud, and very loud.

Intimate distance for embracing, touching or whispering:

Close phase – less than 6 inches (15 cm)

Far phase – 6 to 18 inches (15 to 46 cm)

Personal distance for interactions among good friends or family members:

Close phase – 1.5 to 2.5 feet (46 to 76 cm)

Far phase – 2.5 to 4 feet (76 to 120 cm)

Social distance for interactions among acquaintances

Close phase – 4 to 7 feet (1.2 to 2.1 m)

Far phase – 7 to 12 feet (2.1 to 3.7 m)

Public distance used for public speaking

Close phase – 12 to 25 feet (3.7 to 7.6 m)

Far phase – 25 feet (7.6 m) or more.