Question: Development authorities in
India are established under the provision of
(A) Municipal Act
(B) 74th Constitutional Amendment Act
(C) Town and Country Planning Act
(D) Land Acquisition Act
Answer: (C) Town and Country Planning Act
74th Constitutional Amendment Act, 1992 has
been enacted to accord constitutional recognition to the Urban Local Bodies as
third tier of Government.
Land
Acquisition is the process
through which the Govt. can acquire the Private land for Public Purpose. Land
Acquisition Act of 1894 was replaced by Right
to Fair Compensation and Transparency in Land Acquisition, Rehabilitation and
Resettlement Act, 2013.
Salient features of this act:
Public Purpose Defined
·
For
strategic purposes relating to naval, military, air force, and armed forces of
the Union, including central paramilitary forces or any work vital to national
security or defence of India or State police, safety of the people; or
·
For
infrastructure projects, which includes the following, namely:
§ All activities or items listed in the
notification of the Government of India in the Department of Economic excluding
private hospitals, private educational institutions and private hotels;
§ Projects involving agro-processing, supply
of inputs to agriculture, warehousing, cold storage facilities, marketing
infrastructure for agriculture and allied activities such as dairy, fisheries,
and meat processing, set up or owned by the appropriate Government or by a farmers'
cooperative or by an institution set up under a statute;
§ Project for industrial corridors or mining
activities, national investment and manufacturing zones, as designated in the
National Manufacturing Policy;
§ Project for water harvesting and water conservation
structures, sanitation;
§ Project for Government administered,
Government aided educational and research schemes or institutions;
§ Project for sports, heath care, tourism,
transportation of space programme;
§ Any infrastructure facility as may be notified
in this regard by the Central Government and after tabling of such notification
in Parliament;
·
Project
for housing, or such income groups, as may be specified from time to time by
the appropriate Government;
·
Project
for planned development or the improvement of village sites or any site in the
urban areas or provision of land for residential purposes for the weaker
sections in rural and urban areas;
·
Project
for residential purposes to the poor or landless or to persons residing in
areas affected by natural calamities, or to persons displaced or affected by
reason of the implementation of any scheme undertaken by the Government, any
local authority or a corporation owned or controlled by the State.
Protection of Agricultural Land
Act requires that wherever multi crop irrigated land
is acquired an equivalent area of culturable wasteland shall be developed by
the state for agricultural purposes.
Compensation
At least four times the market value for land acquired
in rural areas;
At least two times the market value for land acquired
in urban areas
Rehabilitation
Both Economic and Social Rehabilitation 
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