GATE Architecture/ Planning

Question : Match the features in Group I with their architectural periods in Group II

            

           Group I                                                                Group II

           P. Caryatids                                          1. Roman

          Q. Hypocaust                                         2. Gothic

          R. Pylons                                               3.Greek

          S. Lofty Pinnacles                                  4. Egyptian

                                                                         5.Romanesque

(A) P-1, Q-5, R-4, S-2                          (B) P-5, Q-1, R-3, S-2

(C) P-3, Q-2, R-5, S-4                          (D) P-3, Q-1, R-4, S-2

Answer: (D) P-3, Q-1, R-4, S-2

A caryatid is a sculpted female figure serving as an architectural support taking the place of a column or a pillar supporting an entablature on her head. Some of the earliest known examples were found in the treasuries of Delphi, dating to about the 6th century BC, but their use as supports in the form of women can be traced back even earlier, to ritual basins, ivory mirror handles from Phoenicia, and draped figures from archaic Greece.

A hypocaust (Latin hypocaustum) was an ancient Roman system of underfloor heating, used to heat houses with hot air. Hypocausts were used for heating hot baths (thermae), houses and other buildings, whether public or private. The floor was raised above the ground by pillars, called pilae stacks, with a layer of tiles, then a layer of concrete then another of tiles on top; and spaces were left inside the walls so that hot air and smoke from the furnace would pass through these enclosed areas and out of flues in the roof, thereby heating but not polluting the interior of the room.

Pylon is the Greek term for a monumental gateway of an Egyptian temple. It consists of two tapering towers, each surmounted by a cornice, joined by a less elevated section which enclosed the entrance between them.

Entrance nomenclature:

o    Japanese: torii

o    Chinese: paifang

o    Korean: hongsalmun

o    Egyptian: pylons

o    Buddhist Stupas: torana

o    South Indian temple: gopuram

Pinnacles: Decorative elements above the buttress.