GATE Architecture/Planning 2016

A country has the largest city size of 5 million. What will be the population size of its fourth largest city according to the rank size rule.

            (A) 1 million

            (B) 1 lac

            (C) 1.25 Lacs 

            (D) 1.25 million

           

Answer: (D) 1.25 million

o    According to rank size rule a rank 2 city would have half the population of a country's largest city, a rank 3 city would have one-third the population of a country's largest city, a rank 4 city would have one-fourth the population of the largest city.

o    Zipf’s law: the most frequent word will occur approximately twice as often as the second most frequent word, three times as often as the third most frequent word, etc.

For example, in the Brown Corpus of American English text, the word "the" is the most frequently occurring word, and by itself accounts for nearly 7% of all word occurrences. True to Zipf's Law, the second-place word "of" accounts for slightly over 3.5% of words, followed by "and".

o    Pareto’s distribution: ( 80- 20 rule) Pareto originally used this distribution to describe the allocation of wealth among individuals. A larger portion of the wealth of any society is owned by a smaller percentage of the people in that society. He also used it to describe distribution of income. This idea is sometimes expressed more simply as the Pareto principle or the "80-20 rule" which says that 20% of the population controls 80% of the wealth.